Latest Updates

Injuries to the Upper Urogenital Tract

    • Most grade III and IV injuries, including those with devitalized parenchymal fragments and urinary extravasation, are managed nonoperatively
    • Angioembolization of persistent or delayed kidney bleeding (pseudoaneurysm) obviates the need for exploration in a majority of cases
    • A high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose a ureteral injury to prevent late complications such as urinoma, sepsis, and nephrectomy

Part 1: Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Clinical Features

    • Diagnosing borderline personality disorder (BPD) is  focused on identifying patterns of symptoms that are consistent over time across several domains.
    • Development of BPD depends on an interactive combination of temperamental factors and environment stresses.
    • Distinguishing BPD from other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, is essential in providing effective treatment.
    • Patients with BPD are highly stigmatized in the mental health system and receive poorer quality of care than patients with some other disorders.
    • BPD has a positive prognosis, with improvements typically seen within several years.

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Overview of Substance Use Disorders

    • Discussion of the evolution of DSM substance use disorder diagnoses over time
    • Overview of the biological, environmental, and personal factors implicated in the development of substance use disorders
    • Critical reviews of the current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the major substances of misuse

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Overview of Substance Use Disorders

    • Discussion of the evolution of DSM substance use disorder diagnoses over time
    • Overview of the biological, environmental, and personal factors implicated in the development of substance use disorders
    • Critical reviews of the current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the major substances of misuse

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Portal Hypertension

    • Use of HVPG to accurately diagnose portal hypertension
    • Child-Pugh score and MELD score in risk stratification and decision-making
    • Fibroelastography, multidetecter row CT scan, and capsule endoscopy as emerging modalities in detection of varices.
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