- The use of microvascular free tissue transfer to reconstruct surgical defects in the head has allowed surgeons to resect large tumors with large margins while simultaneously achieving improved functional results.
- Imaging studies (e.g., computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging) may be helpful in locating the source of a cervical metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) detects lesions with increased metabolic activity but has the limitation of being unable to detect lesions smaller than 1 cm in diameter.
Latest Updates
- The use of microvascular free tissue transfer to reconstruct surgical defects in the head has allowed surgeons to resect large tumors with large margins while simultaneously achieving improved functional results.
- Imaging studies (e.g., computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging) may be helpful in locating the source of a cervical metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) detects lesions with increased metabolic activity but has the limitation of being unable to detect lesions smaller than 1 cm in diameter.
Primary and Metastatic Central Nervous System Malignancies
- The main function of corticosteroids in CNS tumors is to control brain and spinal cord vasogenic edema and decrease intracranial pressure. Corticosteroids should be used with caution because of its significant side effects, such as insomnia, hyperglycemia, myopathy, psychiatric effects, and opportunistic infections.
- Maximal safe resection is recommended for all glioma grades and subtypes if the tumor is surgically accessible and there are no absolute medical contraindications to surgery. Nevertheless, even a macroscopic complete resection is almost never curative because grade II to IV gliomas infiltrate the normal brain.
- The addition of WBRT to either surgical resection or radiosurgery decreases the risk of brain metastasis recurrence but does not improve survival in patients with one to three brain metastases.
Classification Systems for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease
- The SVS runoff score provides a method for giving weight to those vessels contributing to the runoff. It was developed to anatomically stratify patients when designing studies to compare the outcome of lower extremity arterial bypass.
- The TASC classification system guides the clinical management of a patient by providing vascular specialists with a basic framework for determining whether the patient’s vascular disease pattern is best treated with endovascular intervention or with surgical revascularization. The TASC classification is also used to stratify cohorts in research studies evaluating treatment modalities.
- The Finnvasc score, Project of Ex-Vivo graft Engineering via Transfection (PREVENT) III (PIII) score, and BASIL Mortality Index are three tools designed to aid in decision making between open surgical revascularization and endovascular intervention. These tools stratify the risk of periprocedural morbidity and/or predict a patient’s probability for short-term, medium-term, and long-term survival.
Primary and Metastatic Central Nervous System Malignancies
- The main function of corticosteroids in CNS tumors is to control brain and spinal cord vasogenic edema and decrease intracranial pressure. Corticosteroids should be used with caution because of its significant side effects, such as insomnia, hyperglycemia, myopathy, psychiatric effects, and opportunistic infections.
- Maximal safe resection is recommended for all glioma grades and subtypes if the tumor is surgically accessible and there are no absolute medical contraindications to surgery. Nevertheless, even a macroscopic complete resection is almost never curative because grade II to IV gliomas infiltrate the normal brain.
- The addition of WBRT to either surgical resection or radiosurgery decreases the risk of brain metastasis recurrence but does not improve survival in patients with one to three brain metastases.
Primary and Metastatic Central Nervous System Malignancies
- The main function of corticosteroids in CNS tumors is to control brain and spinal cord vasogenic edema and decrease intracranial pressure. Corticosteroids should be used with caution because of its significant side effects, such as insomnia, hyperglycemia, myopathy, psychiatric effects, and opportunistic infections.
- Maximal safe resection is recommended for all glioma grades and subtypes if the tumor is surgically accessible and there are no absolute medical contraindications to surgery. Nevertheless, even a macroscopic complete resection is almost never curative because grade II to IV gliomas infiltrate the normal brain.
- The addition of WBRT to either surgical resection or radiosurgery decreases the risk of brain metastasis recurrence but does not improve survival in patients with one to three brain metastases.
Primary and Metastatic Central Nervous System Malignancies
- The main function of corticosteroids in CNS tumors is to control brain and spinal cord vasogenic edema and decrease intracranial pressure. Corticosteroids should be used with caution because of its significant side effects, such as insomnia, hyperglycemia, myopathy, psychiatric effects, and opportunistic infections.
- Maximal safe resection is recommended for all glioma grades and subtypes if the tumor is surgically accessible and there are no absolute medical contraindications to surgery. Nevertheless, even a macroscopic complete resection is almost never curative because grade II to IV gliomas infiltrate the normal brain.
- The addition of WBRT to either surgical resection or radiosurgery decreases the risk of brain metastasis recurrence but does not improve survival in patients with one to three brain metastases.
Classification Systems for Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease
- The SVS runoff score provides a method for giving weight to those vessels contributing to the runoff. It was developed to anatomically stratify patients when designing studies to compare the outcome of lower extremity arterial bypass.
- The TASC classification system guides the clinical management of a patient by providing vascular specialists with a basic framework for determining whether the patient’s vascular disease pattern is best treated with endovascular intervention or with surgical revascularization. The TASC classification is also used to stratify cohorts in research studies evaluating treatment modalities.
- The Finnvasc score, Project of Ex-Vivo graft Engineering via Transfection (PREVENT) III (PIII) score, and BASIL Mortality Index are three tools designed to aid in decision making between open surgical revascularization and endovascular intervention. These tools stratify the risk of periprocedural morbidity and/or predict a patient’s probability for short-term, medium-term, and long-term survival.
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