What's New | Decker

Reflectance Pulse Oximetry: The use of backscattered light rather than transmitted light can be helpful in low-signal settings.
Improved Signal Processing for Pulse Oximetry: Proprietary algorithms and advances in signal processing have improved the precision of pulse oximetry.
Calorimetric Detection: Colorimetric CO₂ detection can be used to ensure nasoenteric placement rather than respiratory placement.

Reflectance Pulse Oximetry: The use of backscattered light rather than transmitted light can be helpful in low-signal settings.
Improved Signal Processing for Pulse Oximetry: Proprietary algorithms and advances in signal processing have improved the precision of pulse oximetry.
Calorimetric Detection: Colorimetric CO₂ detection can be used to ensure nasoenteric placement rather than respiratory placement.

Over the past 10 years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids and hypertrophic scars has improved markedly. As a result, these previously intractable scars are now regarded as being treatable.
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are inflammatory disorders of the reticular dermis.
Mechanical forces play an important role in the pathophysiology of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Hypertension is associated with the development of severe keloids and hypertrophic scars.

Alexander Lazar, MD, PhD, Ian E McCutcheon, Keila E Torres, MD, PhD, Wei-Lien Wang, MD

Oncogenic signatures responsible for the transformation MPNST include activation of the STAT3/HIF, catenin/Wnt and RHO/ROCK pathways.
MPNSTs often harbor recurrent inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 from somatic mutation of EED and/or SUZ12.
Genetic analysis revealed germline mutations in SMARCB1 in approximately 50% of individuals affected by familial schwannomatosis.
Germline mutations in LZTR1 were identified in about 80% of schwannomatosis cases lacking mutations in SMARCB1.

Parathyroidectomy is indicated for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism or asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism when medical surveillance is not possible or desired.
Preoperative imaging is necessary for preoperative planning if minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is planned. Imaging may include sestamibi scan, ultrasonography, and four-dimensional CT.
Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplant or 3.5-gland parathyroidectomy is recommended in the setting of familial primary hyperparathyroidism such as multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Parathyroidectomy is indicated for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism or asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism when medical surveillance is not possible or desired.
Preoperative imaging is necessary for preoperative planning if minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is planned. Imaging may include sestamibi scan, ultrasonography, and four-dimensional CT.
Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplant or 3.5-gland parathyroidectomy is recommended in the setting of familial primary hyperparathyroidism such as multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to a nonparathyroid cause and presents with elevated PTH despite normal or low serum calcium.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism results in four-gland hyperplasia; thus, either subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is the recommended surgical approaches.
Subtotal parathyroidectomy is associated with higher rates of recurrence, whereas total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is associated with higher rates of hypocalcemia.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is the persistence of hyperparathyroidism initially secondary to renal failure after a patient has had renal transplantation.
Parathyroidectomy is recommended to obtain normal serum calcium in tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism may present with a single adenoma, multiple adenomas, or four-gland hyperplasia. Limited resection of affected glands in case of single or double adenomas may be appropriate, although higher recurrence rates are reported.

Pulmonary