Latest Updates

Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism

Aaron W Aday, MD, Aaron B Waxman, MD, PhD
    • Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths in the United States annually.
    • Pulmonary embolism is no longer considered an isolated event that requires short-term therapy but rather a chronic illness with long-term implications for patients.
    • 2020 ASH and 2019 ESC/ERS practice guidelines for pulmonary embolism delineate the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism

Aaron W Aday, MD, Aaron B Waxman, MD, PhD
    • Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths in the United States annually.
    • Pulmonary embolism is no longer considered an isolated event that requires short-term therapy but rather a chronic illness with long-term implications for patients.
    • 2020 ASH and 2019 ESC/ERS practice guidelines for pulmonary embolism delineate the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Stephen H Little, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FASE, Jeffrey R Parker, MD
    • TAVR has emerged as a less invasive modality for valve replacement with similar results, employed in certain scenarios.
    • 2017 AHA/ACC practice guideline updates on AVR indications.
    • 2017 ESC/EACTS practice guideline updates on indications for AVR and TAVR, differentiating scenarios where each modality is most applicable.

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Stephen H Little, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FASE, Jeffrey R Parker, MD
    • TAVR has emerged as a less invasive modality for valve replacement with similar results, employed in certain scenarios.
    • 2017 AHA/ACC practice guideline updates on AVR indications.
    • 2017 ESC/EACTS practice guideline updates on indications for AVR and TAVR, differentiating scenarios where each modality is most applicable.

Metabolic Response to Critical Illness - Part 2

Palmer Q. Bessey, MD
    • Use of growth hormone for manipulation of metabolic response and muscle characteristics. This in combination with early physical therapy/exercise aids in preservation.
    • Anti-cytokine antibodies for partial attenuation of metabolic response. These approaches have elucidated the complexity of mechanisms leading to the metabolic response of critically ill patients.
    • Relatively recent adoption of the important role of the gut in metabolic response. This includes production of mediators and functioning as a barrier to bacteria which dramatically affect severity of metabolic response.

Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia

John D. Brunzell, MD, FACP, R Alan Failor, MD
    • Dyslipidemias are clinically important, principally because of their contribution to atherogenesis.
    • Pancreatitis and fatty liver disease are less common but clinically significant manifestations of lipid disorders.
    • Most recent practice guidelines for dyslipidemia diagnosis and management include the 2019 AAFP summary of the 2018 AHA/ACC practice guidelines, as well as the 2020 Veterans Health Administration guidelines.

Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia

John D. Brunzell, MD, FACP, R Alan Failor, MD
    • Dyslipidemias are clinically important, principally because of their contribution to atherogenesis.
    • Pancreatitis and fatty liver disease are less common but clinically significant manifestations of lipid disorders.
    • Most recent practice guidelines for dyslipidemia diagnosis and management include the 2019 AAFP summary of the 2018 AHA/ACC practice guidelines, as well as the 2020 Veterans Health Administration guidelines.

Metabolic Response to Critical Illness - Part 1

Palmer Q. Bessey, MD
    • Understanding the important role the gut has during injury and critical illness, for amino acid intake and altered circulation.
    • Antibiotic-integrated catheters which delay complications of infection in suboptimal conditions.
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