- Classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndromes have been expanded to include attenuated FAP (aFAP) and new syndromes, such as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP).
- Additional studies support chemoprevention of extracolonic manifestations of FAP, including sulindac with high-dose selective estrogen receptor modulators for FAP-associated desmoid tumors and sulindac with erlotinib for suppression of duodenal polyps.
- The diagnostic criteria for attenuated polyposis syndromes including aFAP and MAP are a cumulative 10 to 100 lifetime polyps, with an APC gene mutation or biallelic MUTYH mutations.
Latest Updates
- Classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndromes have been expanded to include attenuated FAP (aFAP) and new syndromes, such as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP).
- Additional studies support chemoprevention of extracolonic manifestations of FAP, including sulindac with high-dose selective estrogen receptor modulators for FAP-associated desmoid tumors and sulindac with erlotinib for suppression of duodenal polyps.
- The diagnostic criteria for attenuated polyposis syndromes including aFAP and MAP are a cumulative 10 to 100 lifetime polyps, with an APC gene mutation or biallelic MUTYH mutations.
Seronegative Spondyloarthritis: Diagnosis And Management
- The combined use of T1-weighted MRI with a water-sensitive MRI sequence significantly enhances early detection of spondyloarthritis, identifies patients responsive to therapeutic intervention with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFIs), and constitutes a key prognostic factor for structural progression.
- Treatment of patients with TNFI early in the disease course when radiographic sacroiliitis is not yet evident is highly effective, especially in patients with an elevated C-reactive protein and/or features of inflammation on MRI.
- Treatment targeting interleukin-17 is an effective new treatment option for patients with spondyloarthritis, especially in the setting of concomitant psoriasis.
- Imaging recommendations that allow for precision in diagnosis.
Treatment of Sternal Wound Infections
- Sternal wound complications have dramatically decreased due to improvements in perioperative care of cardiac surgical patients
- Innovation in flap design has made treatment of sternal wound infections more reliable
- New sternal plating systems hold potential to further reduce sternotomy complications in high risk patients
Seronegative Spondyloarthritis: Diagnosis And Management
- The combined use of T1-weighted MRI with a water-sensitive MRI sequence significantly enhances early detection of spondyloarthritis, identifies patients responsive to therapeutic intervention with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFIs), and constitutes a key prognostic factor for structural progression.
- Treatment of patients with TNFI early in the disease course when radiographic sacroiliitis is not yet evident is highly effective, especially in patients with an elevated C-reactive protein and/or features of inflammation on MRI.
- Treatment targeting interleukin-17 is an effective new treatment option for patients with spondyloarthritis, especially in the setting of concomitant psoriasis.
- Imaging recommendations that allow for precision in diagnosis.
Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction: Surgical Treatment
- Surgery for neurogenic bladder aims to protect the upper urinary tract and optimize continence.
- Major factors to consider are the injury level, gender, habitus, dexterity, and cognitive functions.
- Surgical options for storage and emptying failure are discussed, including indication, technique, and complications.
- New surgical technology and regenerative medicine are mentioned together.
- Newer lung isolation devices may increase the success of placement with decreased difficulty.
- Bronchial blockers can be used for lung isolation in a suspected difficult airway.
- Stepwise ways to predict and manage hypoxia during one-lung ventilation.
- Antihistamines to block the binding of histamine at target sites, aspirin and NSAIDs to block the synthesis of prostaglandin D2, and leukotriene antagonists blocking it’s downstream effects
- Allergen immunotherapy to induce long-lasting clinical tolerance in sensitized patients in an antigen-specific approach
- Monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab), and IL-5 receptor (benralizumab) for treatment of hypereosinphilia and proposed for allergy diseases
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