Latest Updates

Pituitary, Thyroid, and Parathyroid Disorders and Considerations

Jill Yaung, MD
    • Endocrine emergencies, such as thyroid storm and myxedema coma, still carry a high mortality rate and need to be promptly managed.
    • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion remains the most common cause of hyponatremia, a common electrolyte abnormality encountered in the critically ill.
    • Nonthyroidal illness syndrome, or euthyroid sick syndrome, may occur as a response to acute illness or stress and should be differentiated from underlying thyroid disease.

Critical Care: Diagnostic Imaging Techniques 

Phuong-Anh T. Duong, MD, Gerald W. Staton Jr, MD, FACP
    • Recently developed dual-energy chest radiographs can detect calcium in lesions or remove overlapping bone to confirm the presence of a lesion
    • Automatic tube current and tube potential modulation reduces computed tomography radiation risk by optimizing the radiation dose to the patient size and scan region
    • Positron emission tomography has limited applicability in low-grade adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors owing to poor fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in these clinical concerns

Caustic and Toxic Ingestions

CDR Thomas Q Gallagher, DO, CDR Robert L Ricca, MD
    • Use of steroids in the medical and surgical management of caustic injuries
    • Button batteries as a source of caustic injury
    • Management of strictures secondary to caustic injury, including stent placement
    • Initial medical management of caustic injury
    • Surgical management of caustic injury

Infertility

Alan H. DeCherney, MD, Katherine A Green, MD, Eric D. Levens, MD
    • Updates regarding the assessment and treatment of ovulatory disorders
    • Ovulation induction with letrozole in anovulatory patients
    • Advances in in vitro fertilization, including genetic screening
    • Fertility preservation options, including in vitro oocyte maturation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and mature oocyte cryopreservation

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Rajesh R Tampi, MD, MS, DFAPA, Deena J Tampi, MSN, MBA-HCA, RN
    • New diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Updated risk factors, heritability, and pathophysiology for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based assessment for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based treatment for major neurocognitive disorders

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Rajesh R Tampi, MD, MS, DFAPA, Deena J Tampi, MSN, MBA-HCA, RN
    • New diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Updated risk factors, heritability, and pathophysiology for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based assessment for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based treatment for major neurocognitive disorders

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Rajesh R Tampi, MD, MS, DFAPA, Deena J Tampi, MSN, MBA-HCA, RN
    • New diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Updated risk factors, heritability, and pathophysiology for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based assessment for major neurocognitive disorders
    • Evidence-based treatment for major neurocognitive disorders

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries

Clay Cothren Burlew, MD, FACS
    • Multislice (> 64 slice) computed tomographic angiography is the routine imaging test performed to identify blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI).
    • With noninvasive imaging used for BCVI identification, screening criteria have recently been expanded.
    • Antithrombotic treatment almost universally prevents BCVI-related stroke.
    • Endovascular therapy for BCVI should be reserved for those patients who are markedly symptomatic from their injury or have an enlarging pseudoaneurysm on repeat imaging.
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