Latest Updates

Pulmonary Edema II: Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Annette Esper, MD, Gerald W. Staton Jr, MD, FACP, Greg S Martin, MD, MSc, FACP

    Updated Review

    Annette Esper, MD, Greg S Martin, MD, MSc, FACP, Gerald W. Staton Jr, MD, FACP

    • The Berlin definition (2011) is now used to define ARDS. Timing: new or worsening respiratory failure within 1 wk of known clinical insult. Chest imaging: bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, atelectasis, or nodules. Oxygenation parameters measured by PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300, and PEEP or CPAP > 5.
    • Recent epidemiologic studies reveal that outcomes for patients with ARDS are improving.
    • Machine learning can be used to screen for ARDS using ventilator waveform data. It shows benefit in detecting moderate/severe ARDS without necessity of radiologic and ABG data.

Facial Fractures

Branko Bojovic, MD, FACS, Martin Buta, MD, MBA
    • Expanded options for biomaterials used as implants have decreased donor site morbidity and operative time.
    • High-resolution computed tomography (CT) permits greater detail than prior generations of CT.
    • Three-dimensional imaging, computer-guided navigation, and mirror image overlay have improved surgical navigation and virtual surgical planning and allowed more accurate facial reconstruction.
    • Endoscopy facilitates access to and repair of frontal sinus and orbital injuries.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Saul Genuth, MD, FACP, Matthew C. Riddle, MD
    • Cardiovascular and longterm microvascular complications are significantly associated with chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes
    • An A1C of 6.0% to 6.4%, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose all refer to prediabetes
    • Updated with new ADA 2021 guidelines

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Saul Genuth, MD, FACP, Matthew C. Riddle, MD
    • Cardiovascular and longterm microvascular complications are significantly associated with chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes
    • An A1C of 6.0% to 6.4%, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose all refer to prediabetes
    • Updated with new ADA 2021 guidelines

Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdomen: Anal Neoplasms, Presacral Tumors, and Rare Malignancies

David E. Beck, MD, FACS, FASCRS
    • Chemoradiation therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal
    • CT or MRI for preoperative evaluation of presacral tumors
    • Distal presacral tumors (below S3) can be removed with a perineal approach, whereas proximal lesions are managed with an abdominal approach

Anal Neoplasms, Presacral Tumors, and Rare Malignancies

David E. Beck, MD, FACS, FASCRS
    • Chemoradiation therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal
    • CT or MRI for preoperative evaluation of presacral tumors
    • Distal presacral tumors (below S3) can be removed with a perineal approach, whereas proximal lesions are managed with an abdominal approach

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Saul Genuth, MD, FACP, Matthew C. Riddle, MD
    • Cardiovascular and longterm microvascular complications are significantly associated with chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes
    • An A1C of 6.0% to 6.4%, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose all refer to prediabetes
    • Updated with new ADA 2021 guidelines

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Saul Genuth, MD, FACP, Matthew C. Riddle, MD
    • Cardiovascular and longterm microvascular complications are significantly associated with chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes
    • An A1C of 6.0% to 6.4%, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose all refer to prediabetes
    • Updated with new ADA 2021 guidelines
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