Latest Updates

Epidemiology of Male Infertility 

Omer A Raheem, MD, Thomas J Walsh, MD
    • Male infertility is not a reportable disease.
    • Frequently, the empiric treatment of male factor infertility involves assisted reproductive technology (in vitro fertilization) that primarily treats the female partner.
    • Male infertility is variable with a multitude of influencing factors (racial variation, geographical variation, at-risk groups, and associated conditions including medical and environmental factors) that are of the utmost importance to a larger audience of clinicians from varying specialties.

Genomic Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Opportunities for Precision Oncology

Himisha Beltran, MD, Sheng-Yu Ku, PhD, Panagiotis J Vlachostergios , MD, PhD
    • Updates on the genomic landscape of prostate cancer with a focus on clinical implications
    • Emerging resistance mechanisms and targetable molecular alterations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Discussion of ongoing molecularly-driven clinical trials for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Future directions for precision oncology for patients with advanced prostate cancer

Epidemiology and Economics of Nephrolithiasis

Brian R. Matlaga, MD, MPH, Justin B. Ziemba, MD
    • The prevalence and incidence of nephrolithiasis have increased over the last 30 years.
    • Recurrence of nephrolithiasis is relatively common.
    • Both environmental and dietary factors are associated with nephrolithiasis.
    • Nephrolithiasis is associated with systemic disease like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
    • Nephrolithiasis continues to be costly and burden on the health-care system

In Vitro Fertilization 

Rhea Chattopadhyay, MD, Alan H. DeCherney, MD, Jessica R Zolton, DO
    • Poor responders: mild ovarian stimulation resulted in similar clinical pregnancy rates as standard IVF protocols
    • Single embryo transfer: newly established guidelines limit the number of embryos to transfer
    • Frozen embryo transfer cycles: intramuscular progesterone for luteal support is superior to vaginal progesterone

Regional Therapies for Extremity Sarcoma

Chiara Colombo, MD, Sandro Pasquali, MD
    • Identification of effective treatment strategies
    • Improvements in patient risk stratification
    • Neoadjuvant epirubicin and ifosfamide in a randomized clinical trial has shown to be effective in improving survival of patients affected by five high-risk soft tissue sarcoma histologies (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and leiomyosarcoma) of the trunk and extremities
    • Inclusion of prognostic models in the eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system

Adherence to Posttransplantation Medical Regimen

Lauren S Jones, BS, Marina Serper, MD, MS
    • Medication nonadherence is common post-liver transplantation.
    • Nonadherence is associated with graft failure and posttransplantation hospitalizations.
    • Risk factors for nonadherence include low social support, younger age, poor medication understanding, and depression.
    • Validated measures to assess adherence include as self-report questionnaires, electronic monitoring devices, and immunosuppression levels.

Regional Therapies for Extremity Sarcoma

Chiara Colombo, MD, Sandro Pasquali, MD
    • Identification of effective treatment strategies
    • Improvements in patient risk stratification
    • Neoadjuvant epirubicin and ifosfamide in a randomized clinical trial has shown to be effective in improving survival of patients affected by five high-risk soft tissue sarcoma histologies (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and leiomyosarcoma) of the trunk and extremities
    • Inclusion of prognostic models in the eighth edition of the AJCC TNM staging system

HER-2-Amplified Breast Cancer

Zahraa Al-Hilli, MD, Judy C Boughey, MD
    • The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has revolutionized the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer, resulting in improved patient outcomes.
    • Dual anti-HER-2 therapy has been shown to result in increased pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in patients treated in the neoadjuvant setting.
    • pCR has been shown to be associated with a good prognosis and outcome in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
    • Novel anti-HER-2 agents are currently being investigated in ongoing trials.
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