- Alcohol consumption is increasing in women, ethnic minorities, and individuals of lower socioeconomic status.
- Stigmatizing language, such as alcoholic, alcohol abuse, and addict are no longer acceptable medical terminology.
- For individuals with alcohol-use disorder, moderation of consumption or abstinence leads to reduction in mortality.
- Alcohol consumption has been causally linked to cancers throughout the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and liver.
- Evidence from observational studies suggests that low levels of alcohol intake may have some cardioprotective effect.
Latest Updates
- Alcohol consumption is increasing in women, ethnic minorities, and individuals of lower socioeconomic status.
- Stigmatizing language, such as alcoholic, alcohol abuse, and addict are no longer acceptable medical terminology.
- For individuals with alcohol-use disorder, moderation of consumption or abstinence leads to reduction in mortality.
- Alcohol consumption has been causally linked to cancers throughout the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and liver.
- Evidence from observational studies suggests that low levels of alcohol intake may have some cardioprotective effect.
- Alcohol consumption is increasing in women, ethnic minorities, and individuals of lower socioeconomic status.
- Stigmatizing language, such as alcoholic, alcohol abuse, and addict are no longer acceptable medical terminology.
- For individuals with alcohol-use disorder, moderation of consumption or abstinence leads to reduction in mortality.
- Alcohol consumption has been causally linked to cancers throughout the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and liver.
- Evidence from observational studies suggests that low levels of alcohol intake may have some cardioprotective effect.
- The anesthesiologist is challenged to keep pace with the evolving field of interventional bronchoscopy with its expanding applications. Bronchial thermoplasty and placement of endobronchial valves or coils are some of the newer therapeutic procedures.
- Drugs like propofol, dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, and sugammadex have changed the practice of sedation and total intravenous anesthesia for these procedures. Phase III trials of remimazolam for bronchoscopy have been completed.
- Familiarity with newer airway and ventilation devices including high-frequency jet ventilator, jet ventilation catheters, and endobronchial tubes are essential for managing obstructed airways.
Special Considerations of Diverticulitis and Diverticular Bleeding
- Changes in recommendations for treatment of diverticulitis in young patients
- Increasing knowledge of segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis and symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease
- Expansion of options and increasing accuracy regarding localization imaging or procedures for the diagnosis of diverticular bleeding
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Diverticulitis
- Recent studies find that acute uncomplicated disease may not require antibiotics, suggesting diverticulitis is a primary inflammatory process.
- Conflicting data emerge regarding necessity of colonoscopy after episode of acute diverticulitis.
- Limited pneumoperitoneum without generalized peritonitis is not an indication for urgent surgery.
Antepartum and Intrapartum Fetal Assessment and Management
- In growth-restricted fetuses, addition of Doppler velocimetry studies to standard antenatal surveillance improves outcomes.
- There is standardized nomenclature for describing the features of electronic fetal monitoring aimed at improving communication of intermediate and abnormal tracings.
- Fetal ST segment analysis is not a clinically useful adjunct to continuous electronic fetal monitoring.
Management of Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
- New International Association of Pancreatology definition of BRPC in 3 domains: anatomic, biological, and conditional.
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is preferred in BRPC and may become a standard approach for resectable tumors.
- FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel are the two preferred regimens in BPRC and LAPC.
- Due to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, increased number of patients is eligible for resection +/- vein reconstruction.
- PV resection is a safe method for achieving R0 resection in BRPC and highly-selected LAPC.
